Spinal Anatomy Modern Concepts

1. Comparative anatomy of the axial skeleton of vertebrates 

2. Embryology of the spine 

3. The growing spine 

4. Growth cartilages of the spine and pelvic vertebra

5. Morphological and functional evolution of the aging spine 

 Section II - Postural Anatomy

6. Standing up. Its principles. Pelvic spinal relationships 

7. The hip extension reserve and its relation to the spine 

8. The EOS system: interest in the overall assessment of the balance of the spine  but also its movements and balance

 Section III - Descriptive Anatomy

9. The cranial vertebra 

10. Surgical anatomy of the vertebral pedicle 

11. Anatomy of the sacrum: new concepts 

12. The pelvic vertebra, the cephalic vertebra, and the concept of the chain Of balance 

13. Are the "cranial and pelvic vertebrae" true vertebrae? 

14. The intervertebral disk 

15. Anatomy of thoracolumbar posterior joints 

16. The spinal ligaments 

17. Sacro-iliac joints 

18. The normal and pathological spinal muscle 

19. Configuration of posterior lumbar muscles. Application for Study Of lumbosacral malformations 

20. Muscles and fascia 

21. Functional anatomy of the erector of the spine: a review

22. The conjunctive structures of the posterior surface of the trunk 

23. The spinal canals 

24. The spinal cord 

25. Spinal nerves (spinal innervation) 

26. Anatomy of spinal meninges 

27. Intrinsic innervation of the vertebral column 

28. Vascularization of the spine and cord Functional anatomy

Section IV - Functional anatomy

 29. Systemic approach to the functioning of the Thoracolumbar spine  

30. Kinematics of the spine

31. Spinal balance